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Incumbency advantage for appointed U.S. Senators
Incumbency is one of the most researched and debated topics within the realm of political science. However, the research regarding appointed U.S. Senators and the incumbency advantage is not nearly as vast. In this research, the relationship between the number of months served as an appointed U.S. Senator and the percentage of vote that appointed senator receives in their initial election is studied. It is hypothesized that the longer an appointee has served before an election, the higher percentage of vote that appointee will receive. To do this, data was compiled from the United States congressional archives consisting of appointed U.S. Senators, the percentage of vote those appointed senators won in their election after their appointment, as well as the number of months served between their appointment and election. Discovering a relationship between months served and the vote percentages received will add to the scholarship of incumbency, and more specifically, how the discipline of political science views appointed U.S. Senators.
==Review of literature==
Conventional wisdom in the political science community tells us that the largest advantage a U.S. Senator has is that of incumbency. This advantage has even been distilled down to a single term: the "incumbency advantage". However, as well studied as the incumbency advantage is of those U.S. Senators who are elected, there exists some mystery for those U.S. Senators that are appointed. This review will summarize and explain research on the incumbency advantage and its limitations, and how these studies assist in answering questions regarding appointed U.S. Senators and incumbency.
Five research studies have been chosen to examine the incumbency advantage. First, David R. Mayhew’s ''Congressional Elections: The Case of the Vanishing Marginals'', which will establish a base of the study of incumbency. Following that research, the review will further focus its lens with two articles authored by Peter Tuckel, titled ''Length of Incumbency And the Reelection chances of U.S. Senators'' and ''The Initial Re-Election Chances of Appointed & Elected United States Senators'', respectively. Finally, ''Treadmill to Oblivion: The Fate of Appointed Senators'', which is authored by William D. Morris and Rodger H. Marz, and ''The Electoral (Mis)Fortunes of Appointed Senators'' and the ''Source of the Incumbency Advantage'', written by Jennifer A. Steen and Jonathan Koppell will close out the review.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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